Rotator Cuff Tear
Definition:
A rotator cuff tear occurs when one or more tendons of the rotator cuff muscles are partially or completely torn.
Causes:
- Acute Injury: Sudden trauma, such as a fall or heavy lifting.
- Chronic Degeneration: Repetitive strain over time, often associated with aging.
Symptoms:
- Sudden or persistent shoulder pain.
- Weakness, especially when lifting or rotating the arm.
- Audible “popping” sound during injury.
- Limited range of motion.
Diagnosis:
- Physical Exam: Strength and range of motion tests.
- Imaging: MRI or ultrasound to identify the tear’s size and location.
Treatment:
- Non-Surgical: Physical therapy, rest, anti-inflammatory medications, or corticosteroid injections for minor tears.
- Surgical: Tendon repair or replacement for significant tears.
Prognosis:
- Recovery depends on tear size and severity. Surgical intervention can restore function but requires months of rehabilitation.
Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Definition:
Rotator cuff tendinopathy refers to chronic overuse or inflammation of the tendons without significant tearing. It includes tendinitis (inflammation) and tendinosis (degenerative changes).
Causes:
- Overuse or repetitive overhead activities.
- Poor shoulder mechanics or posture.
- Age-related wear and tear.
Symptoms:
- Gradual onset of shoulder pain.
- Pain worsens with overhead activities or at night.
- Stiffness and mild weakness, especially after rest.
Diagnosis:
- Physical Exam: Checking for pain during specific movements.
- Imaging: Ultrasound or MRI to rule out tears or confirm tendon thickening.
Treatment:
- Non-Surgical: Rest, activity modification, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and strengthening exercises.
- Advanced Treatments: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for degenerative cases.
Prognosis:
- Excellent with early intervention and rehabilitation. Chronic cases may take longer to resolve.
| Aspect | Rotator Cuff Tear | Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy |
|---|---|---|
| Onset | Sudden (acute) or gradual (chronic) | Gradual |
| Cause | Trauma or degeneration | Overuse or repetitive strain |
| Pain | Often sharp or severe | Dull, aching pain |
| Weakness | More pronounced | Less pronounced |
| Treatment | May require surgery | Primarily non-surgical |
| Recovery Time | Weeks to months | Weeks to months |
Overlap & Relation
Rotator cuff tendinopathy, if untreated or subjected to repeated strain, can progress to a rotator cuff tear. Early management of tendinopathy can reduce the risk of tears.